30 Correct of 30
0 Incorrect
Submitted on June 11, 2015 at 9:57 PM (UTC/GMT)
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Question 1
A condition that produces a reduction in bone mass sufficient to compromise normal function is __________.
Correct: osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis, or porous bone, occurs when the rate of bone reabsorption exceeds the rate of bone formation. The loss of bone mass makes bones so porous and weakened that they become deformed and prone to fracture.
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Question 2
Which of the following statements concerning the periosteum of a bone is NOT true?
Correct: All bone surfaces in the body are covered by the periosteum.
The periosteum does not cover sesamoid bones or the articular surfaces of bones, and it does not extend around tendon and ligament insertions on bone.
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Question 3
During fetal development, intramembranous ossification takes place in __________.
Correct: fibrous connective tissue membranes.
Intramembranous ossification begins at approximately the eighth week of development. Cells cluster within the mesenchymal membrane and become osteoblasts (bone-forming cells).
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Question 4
Mary is 50 years old. During a checkup, a bone scan reveals that portions of her skeleton show signs of osteoporosis. After reviewing the test results, her physician suggests hormone therapy. What hormone is prescribed for Mary?
Correct: estrogen
In postmenopausal women, the decreased production of estrogen can cause osteoporosis. Estrogen is secreted by the ovaries; it maintains normal bone mass by inhibiting the stimulatory effects of parathyroid hormone on osteoclast activity.
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Question 5
The bones of the skeleton store energy reserves as lipids in areas of __________.
Correct: yellow marrow
Yellow marrow is adipose tissue where energy is stored in the fat cells.
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Question 6
The cells that maintain mature compact bone are __________.
Correct: osteocytes
Osteocytes are mature bone cells that are embedded in the matrix.
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Question 7
The lacunae of bone contain __________.
Correct: osteocytes
Lacunae are small pockets found between narrow sheets of calcified matrix, and osteocytes (bone cells) are found in lacunae.
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Question 8
The process of bone growth at the epiphyseal plate is similar to __________.
Correct: endochondral ossification
In a long bone, bone growth and elongation occur at the epiphyseal plate, where new cartilage is formed and eventually calcified by osteoblasts (the bone-forming cells. The osteoblasts later mature into osteocytes
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Question 9
The two types of osseous tissue are __________.
Correct: compact bone and spongy bone
Both compact and spongy bone tissues make up bone tissue.
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Question 10
When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone, __________.
Correct: long bones have reached their adult length
When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone (ossified), the epiphyseal plate becomes the epiphyseal line that is the closure of the epiphyseal plate. Growth in bone length ceases.
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Question 11
Intramembranous ossification __________.
Correct: begins within a connective tissue membrane
Some flat bones form from a membrane by intramembranous ossification.
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Question 12
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would occur in the __________.
Correct: diaphysis
The parts of a long bone include the diaphysis, or shaft, and epiphysis, or ends.
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Question 13
Growth of a cartilage in which the chondrocytes within the matrix become active and proliferate is known as __________.
Correct: interstitial growth
Growth from inside out is known as interstitial growth.
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Question 14
Osteocytes maintain contact with the blood vessels of the central canal through __________.
Correct: canaliculi
The lacunae and central canal are continuous through the connection of canaliculi.
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Question 15
Spongy bone contains all of the following, EXCEPT __________.
Correct: true osteons
Only compact bone contains osteons.
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Question 16
The bones in the long axis of the body make up the __________.
Correct: axial skeleton
The skeleton is divided into the axial and appendicular skeleton. Axial refers to the center of the body.
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Question 17
Which of the following is a canal-like passageway?
Correct: meatus
Of these features of bone, only the meatus is a hole or canal-like passageway.
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Question 18
Which of the following characteristics of skeletal cartilage limits its thickness?
Correct: It is avascular and receives most of its nourishment from the perichondrium that surrounds it.
The cartilage is avascular and receives its nutrients by diffusion from the blood vessels in the perichondrium. This limits the thickness of the cartilage.
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Question 19
The menisci of the knee are made of __________.
Correct: fibrocartilage
The menisci of the knee are made of fibrocartilage.
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Question 20
Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth of cartilage?
Correct: Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix from within the cartilage.
This is a characteristic of interstitial cartilage growth.
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Question 21
__________ bones act to alter the direction of tendon pull.
Correct: Sesamoid
Sesamoid bones act to alter the direction of tendon pull.
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Question 22
All of the following are stored in the matrix of bones, EXCEPT __________.
Correct: vitamin D
Vitamin D is not stored in the matrix of bones.
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Question 23
A narrow, slitlike opening in a bone is referred to as a __________.
Correct: fissure
A fissure is a narrow, slitlike opening in a bone.
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Question 24
Which of the following structures anchors the periosteum to the underlying bone?
Correct: perforating fibers
Perforating fibers, also known as Sharpey's fibers, anchor the periosteum to the bone.
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Question 25
Which of the following sites is the site where bone marrow is routinely sampled in an adult?
Correct: the sternum
The sternum is the site of choice for a bone marrow biopsy in an adult because hematopoiesis continues to be very active here.
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Question 26
Bone-forming cells originate from __________.
Correct: osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoprogenitor cells differentiate into osteoblasts that lay down the bone tissue.
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Question 27
The twisting of a long bone is prevented by which of the following?
Correct: circumferential lamellae
Circumferential lamellae expand all around long bones and prevent the twisting of long bones. Lamellae of Haversian systems are also effective in resisting twist. The alternating arrangement of collagen fibers among lamella layers of any kind resists torsion.
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Question 28
Hydroxyapatite in bone matrix that gives bone its hardness is primarily composed of __________.
Correct: calcium and phosphates
Calcium phosphate is the most abundant hydroxyapatite.
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Question 29
Before eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of __________.
Correct: fibrous membrane.
Before eight weeks, the skeleton of the human embryo is composed of fibrous membrane and hyaline cartilage.
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Question 30
If a breastfeeding mother becomes vitamin D deficient, what disease is most likely to develop in the nursing infant?
Correct: rickets
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